Introduction
If you’re struggling with anxiety and seeking a solution, it’s important to know that it’s treatable. Medication can be an effective part of managing your anxiety, and there are many different options available to help ease your symptoms.
Wellbutrin is a drug typically used to treat depression, but some providers may also prescribe Wellbutrin for anxiety and ADHD. Before starting a new medication, it’s important to understand the associated benefits and risks, and to discuss your treatment plan with your doctor.
In this article, we’ll discuss how Wellbutrin works for anxiety, the different options available, and what to consider before taking this medication.
Symptoms of anxiety
Anxiety is currently the most common health concern in the US, with over 40 million adults reporting having an anxiety disorder. If you’re experiencing anxiety, you probably have some combination of the following symptoms:
Emotional symptoms:
- Feelings of apprehension or dread
- Feeling tense or jumpy
- Restlessness or irritability
- Anticipating the worst
Physical symptoms:
- Pounding or racing heart
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Tremors
- Headaches
- Fatigue and insomnia
- Upset stomach and frequent urination
Fortunately, medication is available that can help alleviate your anxiety.
What is Wellbutrin, and how does it work?
Wellbutrin is the brand name for a generic medication called bupropion, which is a type of antidepressant known as an NDRI (norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor). Wellbutrin is considered an “atypical” antidepressant, because it functions differently than more common types of antidepressants like SSRIs and SNRIs. Dopamine and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters that impact mood, and people struggling with depression and anxiety may have low levels of these chemicals. The reuptake inhibitor helps prevent you from reabsorbing the chemicals, leaving them available for use in your body for a longer time. This process makes Wellbutrin highly effective at treating symptoms of depression.
Wellbutrin types and dosages
Wellbutrin is available in three different formulations: immediate-release (IR), sustained-release (SR), and extended-release (XL). Each type has a unique release profile, affecting how the medication is absorbed and distributed in the body.
- Immediate-Release (IR): This formulation is typically taken multiple times a day, allowing for a quicker onset of action. It is usually taken in doses of 100mg to 150mg, 2 or 3 times daily with 4-6 hours in between doses. IR tablets are available in strengths of 75mg and 100mg. (Note: the brand-name Wellbutrin no longer offers the IR formulation; however, IR is still available as generic bupropion.)
- Sustained-Release (SR): Normally administered twice daily, SR formulations offer a more prolonged effect compared to IR. It takes about 3 hours for the drug to reach steady levels in your bloodstream, and it continues to release medication for up to 12 hours. SR is available in strengths of 100, 150, and 200mg.
- Extended-Release (XL): Designed for once-daily dosing, XL formulations provide a sustained release of the medication over an extended period. Though absorbed a little slower than SR (taking about 5 hours to reach steady levels in your bloodstream), it continues to release the medication for up to 24 hours. This allows for a consistent amount of medication in your system throughout the entire day, which sometimes means fewer side effects and more efficacy in relieving symptoms. XL is available in strengths of 150mg and 300mg, with the maximum therapeutic dosage for depression being 450mg.
The formulation and dosage chosen for you will depend on what you’re using Wellbutrin for, and what specific symptoms you’re trying to address. Discuss with your healthcare provider to decide which medication is right for you. Once prescribed, be sure to take it only exactly as directed.
Wellbutrin for anxiety
Although bupropion is an antidepressant, Wellbutrin is also sometimes used to treat symptoms of anxiety. This is known as an “off-label use”, which means that the FDA has not approved the use of the drug specifically for anxiety; but doctors might still prescribe it for this purpose if they believe it could help.
Though research into Wellbutrin for anxiety is limited, there have been some positive findings. A 2000 study found Wellbutrin to have some success in treating social anxiety; and a 2008 study concluded that it could be effective in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. And while many believe that Wellbutrin can actually exacerbate symptoms of anxiety, a 2023 study did not find that to be true.
It is presumed that Wellbutrin alleviates anxiety the same way it does depression - by allowing for increased amounts of dopamine and norepinephrine in individuals that may be experiencing low levels of these chemicals. Your prescriber can help talk you through the pros and cons of using Wellbutrin to treat anxiety.
Wellbutrin side effects
Wellbutrin is popular partially due to the fact that it does not impact weight gain or libido, unlike many other antidepressants. But as is the case with most medications, Wellbutrin does have some potential side effects of its own. Some of the more common side effects include:
- Drowsiness
- Difficulty falling or staying asleep
- Dry mouth
- Dizziness
- Headache
- GI issues
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Constipation
- Excessive sweating
- Ringing in the ears
- Frequent urination
These side effects are typically mild and often improve within a week or two of beginning the medication. If they persist or seem extreme, let your healthcare provider know - they may want to adjust your medication.
On very rare occasions, people may experience more serious side effects. They can include:
- Suicidal thoughts
- Worsening symptoms of depression
- Dizziness and fainting
- Headaches
- Irregular or fast heartbeat
- Rashes or hives
- Confusion or hallucinations
- Seizures or convulsions
If you experience these side effects, alert your provider immediately. They will help you to find the right medication and dosage to properly address your symptoms.
Other available treatments for anxiety
Wellbutrin is certainly not your only option when it comes to anxiety treatments. Other types of medications are available, as well as alternative methods for relief:
- Typical antidepressants: SSRIs and SNRIs are other types of antidepressants that can also be effective at treating symptoms of anxiety. Medications and different drug combinations have varying levels of impact depending on the individual, and your doctor will help determine the best course of treatment for you.
- Beta-blockers: Sometimes doctors prescribe beta-blockers off-label to treat anxiety. Beta-blockers work by blocking the action of adrenaline; and have shown to alleviate some of the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as body tremors or a racing heart. However, these drugs will not address any psychological causes of anxiety, and they may not be right for everyone.
- Supplements: There are some over the counter supplements that may help to reduce anxiety. These supplements work in a similar way to SSRIs, by helping the body reabsorb neurotransmitters like serotonin. Some examples of supplements that could be helpful for anxiety are chamomile, magnesium, and valerian root. Even though you can get these supplements without a prescription, it is still advised to discuss with your doctor first. These supplements may not work for everyone, and they could have dangerous interactions with drugs you’re already taking.*
*It is important to note that supplements are not regulated by the FDA, and Mindful Care does not recommend using supplements as a substitution for prescription medication. Make an appointment with a qualified healthcare professional to ensure effective, supervised treatment for your anxiety.
- Therapy: Psychotherapy has shown to be highly effective in managing anxiety, and many people need a combination of both therapy and medication in order to significantly reduce their symptoms. If you can’t find a therapist on your own, ask your doctor for a referral to someone who can help.
The bottom line
Wellbutrin is an antidepressant that is sometimes used off-label to treat anxiety. While the FDA has not approved its use for anxiety due to limited research, it still may help alleviate your symptoms. Wellbutrin comes in 3 different formulations, and the dosage depends on the individual. Before taking Wellbutrin or any other medication, be sure to discuss the possible side effects and alternate treatment options with your healthcare provider. A psychiatrist can provide comprehensive medication management, and will help get you the relief you need.
Sources
Anxiety Disorders | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness
Bupropion‐SR in treatment of social phobia | Wiley
Psychopharmacology of anxiety disorders | National Library of Medicine.
Beta-blockers in anxiety disorders | National Library of Medicine
